Women's Rights Movement

The idea and role of women has changed very much since the 1800's. In the 1800's, women were looked down upon compared to men. Back in that time, there were four characteristics of the “ideal” women. The first characteristic is piety which is purifying society through religion. This was considered a good part of a woman because religion was very important to everyone and since women were not “capable” to work like men could, they could do other things and one of them included religion. In the Lavender article it says, “Irreligion in females was considered to be ‘The most revolting human characteristic.’” The second characteristic of an ideal woman is Purity.They are mostly referring to sexual purity, because her virginity was considered a treasure and she was not to let it fall into the wrong hands. The Lavender says “ a woman’s only power was seen as coming through her careful use of sexual virtue.” This quote shows that a woman could control a man by using her sacred Purity because they were not allowed to force them to do anything they did not want to do if they were not married. So, a woman’s purity was a valid characteristic of an ideal woman. The next one is submissiveness which is when a woman understands that she is “inferior” to men and accepts that. The society a woman was surrounded by in the 1800's made her believe she was supposed to act in a certain way that made them believe they had to look up to men. This outlook of inferiority made up submissiveness, and submissiveness also meant that they had to dress in a certain way to make them look better for the men. The next and final characteristic is Domesticity which is referring to how women were told to stay at home and do housework because they were told they were not capable of going into the public sphere. The public sphere was the world outside of the home that men were considered capable of handling. The women were to stay in the private sphere which is the home because they were supposedly incapable of holding their own in the public world. All of these characteristic sums up what is called the Cult of Domesticity The Cult of Domesticity is how the lives of middle class women were confined to the home. Their proper role was taking care of the house and children, and also to provide comfort and companionship to men, and remaining out of the public eye.

The middle and high class women of the 1800’s were getting fed up with their limited rights so they had a meeting called the Seneca Falls convention where they discussed their ideas. The women here came up with a list of rights they feel women deserve and are given by God. This list is called the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments and included 12 different rights. Some of the rights include non inferiority of women to men and men have to behave with the same decency a woman does. This process is distinctly related to the Declaration of Independence because they both involved a group of people getting together to discuss issues they want to be fixed, and coming to a consensus of new rules that should be enforced. The most controversial idea from the Seneca Falls convention was women’s suffrage. This was controversial because it meant that women could voice their own opinion in the public sphere and take part in a political event. This also meant that the men did not speak for them because the men would vote for the whole family. So, by having women vote it gave the men less power and caused a lot of controversy.

This convention included the voice of middle to high class women but did not include a lot of other types of women. Some of the different groups that included women that were not at the convention were Cherokees, enslaved African American women, New England Mill workers, and women of New Mexico. In class, we were put in groups and assigned a group of women to read about and decide what rules we would imply if we were at the convention. My group was the middle to high class women who were actually at the convention and we came up with more luxurious rules than some of the other groups because of our stance on the  social tower. Some of the other groups such as slaves, wanted to be freed and to be able to live their own life, and other groups such as Cherokees wanted the right to their own land. Our group wanted things such as right to political input and education. But, our less luxurious most important rule was that women should not be able to be abused by their husbands. All of the ideas were very important so here is a list of the top ten ideas our class came up with:

1. Everyone has a right to be free from abuse (physical,  emotional or sexual)

2. Preserve Cherokee land (honor treaties)

3. Equal pay for equal work

4. End slavery

5. Women have a right to hold office and/or vote

6. Women have a right to own land/property

7. Taxes should be based on wages

8. Women have a right to freedom of speech/speak in  public

9. Everyone should have a right to a basic level of education

10. We should have education in multiple languages

The most important idea in my opinion is the fact that women should be free from abuse because abuse is a big problem that still exists today and needs to be stopped. This terrible problem is hurting and killing many innocent people who deserve to live. The Seneca Falls Convention was very important for women’s rights and addressed very important ideas.

The Forever Lasting Impact of Race

There were a lot of revolutions around the 18th-19th century that changed the world we live in today. A certain revolution that took place was in Gran Colombia and was led by a Venezuelan that helped Latin American independence movements succeed named Simón Bolívar. The revolution went from 1776 to 1830 and was very complicated. At the start, a junta from Bolívar's conspiracy took control of Spain and controlled it for a while. Spain then takes over control of Venezuela. Bolívar then won some battles against Spain and entered Caracas but lost the battle there. Bolívar attempted many battles in different places in Latin America, but lost and ended up back in Venezuela training a new army to attack Caracas with. Having a very low chance at success due to his small army and low chance at passing the rivers and dangerous mountains, it was a big surprise when the Spanish army surrendered to the unexpected Venezuelan army. Soon, the Republica de Colombia which covers the entire region of modern Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Bolívar then wins back Caracas and the Republica de Colombia becomes a reality as a free republic. Bolívar remained the ruler until 1830 and both Ecuador and Venezuela eventually secede from Gran Colombia. Race and identity, though not obvious, is very prominent in this revolution. For starters, Bolívar is leading this revolution to get Gran Colombia away from Spain because they are from South Africa and see themselves as different people than the Spaniards. This is their way of showing their different identity and becoming their own people, led by themselves not the Spaniards. Also, not only did Gran Colombia want Spain out of the picture, but some of the countries in Gran Colombia such as Ecuador and Venezuela wanted to separate from Gran Colombia because they saw themselves as different from each other. The revolution of Gran Colombia inspired different countries to see their identity and race, and start realizing that it is very important for everyone to have an equal chance at governing and ruling.

A very popular topic that is probably known by everyone in the world by now is Ferguson event. An article titled, “Anxious Ferguson Waits For Grand Jury Decision,” by Daniel Wallis talks about the event and the public’s reaction to the court decision process. To sum it up, it says that an 18 year old African American boy named Michael Brown was shot by white officer Darren Wilson, even though Brown was unarmed and did not commit any crime to get shot. Some people believe that Wilson shot him because he was a different race than himself. While others believe that Wilson shot him in self defense. As people were waiting for the verdict, Brown’s family could already predict the outcome but asked for people to pray for him anyways. There were a lot of angry protesters due to the jury’s request for more time when deciding the verdict that got arrested for their wild protest. It was pretty chaotic before the decision was declared though most everyone knew that Wilson would not be punished for the murder. Race is very prominent in this story because it is shown through the different sides people take and through the different beliefs people have about what actually happened. Race is a big issue in our society today, and causes a lot of problems due to the amount of prejudice people that still remain in our world. I believe this article does a very good job describing every body's opinions and how unfair the court can be sometimes because odds are, it was not self defense. Having different races go against each other in situations like these is not good for our society and can only lead to bigger problems.
Citation:
Wallis, Daniel, and Ellen Wulfhorst. "Anxious Ferguson Waits for Grand Jury's Decision." Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 23 Nov. 2014. Web. 02 Dec. 2014.

Congress of Vienna Blog Post

In the early 1800’s, royalty from all over the world met in Austria at a peace conference called the Congress of Vienna. At this conference they discussed the solution to questions they had to answer in order to restore Europe such as; “How were the victors to reconstruct the war torn continent?  How were they going to make restitution to the millions who had lost family members or suffered the horrors of Napoleonic domination?” These questions had to be answered in order to keep the broken, war-torn country sane. The leader of this conference, Prince Clements von Metternich, had some problems of his own. He had to solve 3 major problems that included: how to redraw the map of Europe, how to pick a new leader of France, and how to prepare for the possibility of future revolutions. Metternich had to come up with possible solutions to all of these questions and share them to the diplomats that accompanied him in the meeting. In class, we pretended we were Metternich and tried to answer the questions he had to answer from a list of possible outcomes. We then found out what the correct answers are  and compared them to what we predicted. The congress answered all of these questions to save their power and keep the rest of the country under their rule. The resolution to the debate over how to change the map of Europe was to bring French territory back to its boundaries, expand Prussian territory, establish the Netherlands, and give Russia and Austria extra territory. This established a balance of power between all of the countries in case of any attempts to expand France. The resolution to the debate of who to make the new ruler of France was to give the throne to the brother of Louis XVI, Louis XVIII, who would bring back the Bourbon monarchy continuing the line of legitimacy that was broken with the beheading of Louis XVI. The final resolution to the question of how to prepare for future revolutions was to create a Holy Alliance where monarchs had divine right to rule, any revolutions would be treason and against God, and gave troops the right to go to a country to stop a revolution and restore monarchs which is called a Principle of Intervention.

Once the European rulers defeated Napoleon, they had to come up with a way to keep their powers equal and without threat. The four concepts they came up with are; balance of power, Principle of Legitimacy, Holy Alliance,and Principle of Intervention. One that is very important in maintaining a stable country is having balance of power between all of the countries at the meeting. A balance of Power is a way to check and make sure that no one country can become more powerful and overthrow the other countries.  This is important for the Congress of Vienna because the whole point of the meeting was to create peace and avoid future revolution that would destroy their part of the country. So, by having a balanced amount of power be distributed between the countries that signed the treaty, it makes the other leaders feel more safe and secure knowing there is no possible way they can turn on each other.

The Congress of Vienna was a crucial part of rebuilding France, and creating a stable monarchy that made ruling fair and equal. They made decisions that impacted the lives of so many people living during that time. I think their decisions were beneficial and were the best choice for what they were given. For example, I think their decision on the land was good because it gave more territory to the countries that were restricted before the meeting. Also, their decision to create balanced power was good because it shows how much they cared about keeping their country safe and protected from being like France. So, the powerful should be willing to sacrifice some of their power under certain circumstances because it does impact their country in a good way. Overall, The Congress of Vienna was a good idea and was very beneficial to so many people living during that time.

Napoleon: Influential or Consequential

Napoleon had a big influence on his hometown of France, but also across Europe and all over the world. Napoleon influenced the political, social, and economic systems of Europe. Some people liked what he was doing, because they thought he was doing what was best for Europe. While others thought what he was doing was bad because he was going to war, and taking more risks than past rulers. Napoleon made big impacts during his rule on social, economic, and political systems of Europe.

http://cdn.medindia.net/health-images/nepolean.jpg

One of the systems Napoleon impacted was the social system. Napoleon impacted the social system in many ways. He took over a lot of land quickly and violently because he went to war with nearly every place he came into contact with. Starting wars made people not like him because there could have been other ways to get more land. He also affected the social system of Europe because he made people more equal by getting rid of titles of nobility and serfdom. He also gave citizens more rights to education and property This made some people happy because they had more of a chance to be like everyone else and have an equal chance of succeeding. But, this did anger some people. Someone who was angered by Napoleon’s ideals was Madame de Stael. Stael was the daughter of a financial adviser to Louis XIV. She was angered because she felt like he was taking away her superiority and becoming more powerful than her. It is shown that she does not like his ideals when she says, “ His system was to encroach daily upon France’s liberty and Europe’s independence.” When she says this it is shown that she is concerned with losing her social position and becoming like everybody else. Some people liked Napoleon and some people hated him which fed to his impacts on social systems of Europe.

As well as the social systems, Napoleon also impacted the economic systems of Europe. Napoleon impacted the economic system of Europe in many ways. Napoleon wanted a lot of control on the economic situation, so he controlled prices which made it fair for everyone. He also encouraged new industry which made more job opportunities for anyone, and most importantly he built roads and canals which made transportation of goods much easier and faster. Napoleon also impacted the economic system by establishing the Bank of France, which helped organize the money that was becoming more prominent from the jobs he was encouraging. He also balanced the budget of France and undertook massive work programs which helped benefit everyone in Europe, and also inspired many more renewals in the government around the world. This is how Napoleon impacted the economic systems of Europe.

As well as the social and economic systems of Europe, Napoleon also impacted the political system. Generally people either hated or loved his political decisions. These people that hated them consisted of the landowners/leaders that he defeated and took land from The people that agreed with his decisions consisted of soldiers and followers of his. An example to show that these people liked his decisions is from Marshal Michel Ney who said, “To the emperor Napoleon, our sovereign, belongs alone the right to rule over our beautiful country.” This quote shows how some people looked up to him as an emperor, who was making their country beautiful. Napoleon caused political controversy between his rules and decisions which made Europe a more advanced and popular.

Napoleon accomplished a lot in his time of rule. People either loved or hated him. Two examples of people on the opposite side of the spectrum are Michel Ney and Stael. These people have different views of him because of their background and living state. Though these people disagreed on Napoleon's success level, they both come together to show the accomplishments and impacts Napoleon made on the social, economic, and political states of Europe.

The Many Types of Government

In class, we played a game that represents the three forms of government; capitalism, socialism, and communism. First, everybody was given a certain amount of starbursts. Most people were given three and some were given 10. We were then told to play rock paper scissors and if we won, we earned a starburst, and if we lost we had to give our starburst to the opponent. This part was used to represent capitalism because people had private ownership of their starbursts with an unequal number of the candy. People had freedom of competition because they got to choose who they played against. Also, it ended in unequal economic status because some people won and some people lost. People did “revolt” by complaining about the fairness of the game. After the capitalism part, the candy was collected by the teacher (government) and redistributed equally among everybody.This part represents socialism because the government (teacher) had ownership of the industry (candy), the goal was to bring economic equality, and it aimed and achieved a classless society. After the socialism part, we were told we could do what we wanted and were not being controlled by the teacher (government) meaning there were no rules made stating how we could play. This represents communism because there was no government and the goal of having a classless society was achieved because no one wanted to play again. I thought this game was fun because we got to choose who we got to play and when we wanted to play. I thought it was frustrating because some people were given more to begin with which is not fair to the people who started out with less.

I did not participate in the Socratic Seminar, but I did observe the people who did. One of the most interesting topics that people brought up was the fact that communism is not achievable. Amanda brought up a good point by saying that it can’t be achieved because there will always be someone who wants more than someone else which will lead them to have more than other people which will lead to superiority which will lead back to leadership control. They also said that socialism is not a good idea because some people that had more than others and worked harder than others will get mad because they get all of their rights and goods taken away. The last interesting point I heard was that capitalism was the most idealistic choice of government because people get some freedom but are still controlled by the government.

Marx had a theory that he thought would help the poor succeed. He thought that if a government started out with capitalism it would end up as a communist government. He thought this because in capitalism the poor were unhappy because they did not have as much as others and they did not find the system fair. Then he thought the government would go to socialism because the poor would be happy this way due to being given an equal amount of money as everybody else. Now, this idea of socialism was nice for the poor but made the nobles and rich people angry because money was being taken away from them. Due to the rich being angry, the government would become a communist government. This is bad because with having everyone at an equal pay people would lose the drive to work hard for their money because why work hard when you can have an easy job and still make the same amount of money as someone with a very hard job.

Smith had a theory which involved the invisible hand helping the poor. The invisible hand is the idea of competition of markets. People would start a company and more and more people would go into that industry because they see the other people in this industry being successful. With more and more people in an industry, that will cause some of the companies to lower their prices because they want more business than the other store that sells the same thing. This will keep happening which will keep creating more industries and more job opportunities for people such as the poor to make money. This will also benefit the poor because the prices will keep getting lower and lower and they won't have to spend as much as they usually do on goods.

I think the invisible hand theory is the best because it gives people the freedom to do what they want and not have to obey to a government telling what price to make their products.People will be able to do as they please and it will also make more job opportunities for people and make prices less expensive. Though this theory has a few flaws including businesses being destroyed by too much competition, I think this theory is very beneficial and is a much better idea than communism.

Luddite RAFT: Taking Sides

Technology has become more and more advanced over the years, which is good and bad. In the 1800’s, a group was created and they called themselves The Luddites. The Luddites got their name from the mythical figure whom they worshiped, Ned Ludd. The Luddites consisted of skilled weavers, mechanics, and other artisans. These people who put a lot of time and effort into learning their trade became angry when complicated technology took away their jobs. They then revolted on the people that kept using this technology in their factories by attacking and destroying machines and factories in early industrialization. They did this because they thought they would be able to get rid of these new inventions that took away their jobs and gave them to less skilled people. In the following paragraph is a primary source document from the perspective  of a new mill girl writing about the Luddites to her cousin in America.

This is a picture of some Luddites destroying a machine,

Dear Abigail,

As you know, I have recently started my new job working in the mills. So far it has been good, I make money and am more independent than before, I have even made a few friends! The machines they have been making really make work easier and involve less skill. Recently, there have been a group of people I believe call themselves the Luddites who come around and destroy the machines. I have heard many of my friends talk about how they do this because they hate technology. I know they are wrong becuase a Luddite told me that they are doing this because they do not like how machinery is taking over their source of jobs. This is a terrible thing because they destroyed the machine I was assigned to which means no pay because I am not able to make anything and all of the other machines are taken. I do not know why these people think they can just come in here and ruin my, and many other girls’, source of money. The Luddites have a good goal, but do not realize how many people’s lives they are ruining. I personally like the whole Industrialization idea because they are creating more and more cool devices that make my job easier. I am totally against this idea of violence because it is taking my pay away and is leaving me starving. I know I do not have much experience here, but I am going to try to recruit people to stand up to the Luddites once and for all. It is not fair to have people coming in our factory and act as if they own the store, and try to ruin everything we have worked hard for. I can not wait to come back to visit, see you soon.

-Jacquelyn

England vs. America Mill Conditions

Some people are desperate for money, and will work through dangerous conditions to make even the slightest bit of money. A place where people could work in the 1800’s to get money to support their families, were the mills. There were mills in England and in America, but the conditions of these mills differed. They ultimately ended up the same way, but how they got there is a different story.

England had bad conditions from the start. England had an abundant supply of cheap labor because some families had no other option but to send their daughter to work in the mills. Due to this almost “never ending” supply of girls going to work at the mills, England took advantage of the desperate matters. They made the girls work days long, with no time to break for food. They beat the children when they were not doing exactly what was wanted of them. A quote to show this is, William Crookes is overlooker in our room; he is cross-tempered sometimes. He does not beat me; he beats the little children if they do not do their work right… I have sometimes seen the little children drop asleep or so, but not lately. If they are catched asleep they get the strap…” (Doc D) This quote shows that little children got beat and whipped if they made one little mistake. They did not take care of the equipment which was big and heavy and caused many deaths. They also payed the girls very cheap wages, which is unfair compared to the amount of work they put into their job. The people who ran the mills in England were very manipulative and only cared about getting money.

America had a mill in Lowell and it was called the Lowell Experiment. The Lowell Experiment tried to make a mill that would ultimately be the opposite of the mills in England. The mills in Lowell started out very nice, making a good impression on many families, which attracted more and more families to send their daughters to the mills in Lowell. The mills in Lowell needed to be very nice because the families living in that area could have took their daughters and moved west to make a farm, which would take the labor force away at the mills. The mills gave the girls time to eat breakfast, lunch and dinner. They also gave the girls free time to do as they pleased at the end of the day. But, eventually as more and more girls came to the mills, the maintenance of the equipment was not up to par. The dangerous machinery caused many injuries and deaths and here is a quote that shows that, “My life and health are spared while others are cut off. Last Thursday one girl fell down and broke her neck which caused instant death. She was going in or coming out of the mill and slipped down it being very icy. The same day a man was killed by the [railroad] cars. Another had nearly all of his ribs broken. Another was nearly killed by falling down and having a bale of cotton fall on him.” (Doc C) This quote shows the decay of the mills and shows how dangerous it was to work there. The people running the mills did not care about the girls health, and eventually their good reputation was ruined.

Picture of Lowell Mill

The conditions of the mills in Lowell and England in the end were unacceptable. They caused many deaths and disabilities to so many of the young girls working there. Though America did not start off as bad as England did, the low maintenance of the machines and dangerous conditions were ultimately visible later on in the mills existence. The people working in the mills put their life on the line to make money to most likely feed their families. It is not okay that the factory owners let the conditions get so dangerous and did not do anything about it. The conditions for both America and England were life threatening to every single worker in the factory,